Muhammad Ali Bogra
3rd Prime Minister of Pakistan
(
Apr 17, 1953 to Aug 11, 1955)

Pakistan's #1

After the dismissal of Prime Minister Khawaja Nazimuddin, Muhammad Ali Bogra was recalled from the States where he was the ambassador of Pakistan to the United States. He was to take over the vacant position of the Prime Minister. The Cabinet consists of eleven ministers out of which eight were from Khawaja Nazimuddin's cabinet.


The problem of the shortage of food was met by the assistance of U.S.A, Canada and Australia. Prime Minister M.A Bogra established a Planning Board in order to prepare a five-year plan. Muhammad Ali Bogra introduced his own formula, a modified version of the Basic Principles Committee report. According to the revamped report:

1- Legislature was to comprise two houses with equal
powers.


2- The Upper House was to have 10 members from East
Pakistan and 40 members from West Pakistan. Out of 300
members of the Lower House, 165 were to be from East
Pakistan.


3- The President was to be empowered to dissolve the
Houses if they failed in resolving their differences.

After the removal of Khawaja Nazimuddin, the politicians in Punjab were apprehending the constitutional proposals based on parity between the two wings. They also feared that the Bengalis' domination by their joining of hands with other provinces in the Western wing. Mr. Bogra continued to work on it until the dissolution of the Assembly. In 1954, elections of the provincial assembly were held in East Pakistan and the Muslim League only secured 10 seats out of 309 in the House. Thus the early unpopularity of the very party which was responsible of bringing the Muslim together to form Pakistan lost its position in the eyes of the people. On 29th nay, 1954, the Ministry was dismissed and the province of East Pakistan was placed under Governor's rule, Iskander Mirza was appointed the Governor.

The Governor General threatened to launch proceedings under the PRODA - an Act providing for disqualification of public representatives so that any fears that the Punjabi politicians harbored could be put to rest. And to bring the provinces of Sind, NWFP and Balochistan in favor of integration of the provinces of West Pakistan.

The Constituent Assembly devised measures to withdraw the powers conferred on Governor General. On September 20, 1954 the PRODA was repealed. On September 21, 1954, meeting as a Constituent Assembly, the Federal Legislature redefined and curtailed the powers of the Governor General under the adapted Government of India Act, 1935, whereby the Governor General could not dismiss a ministry enjoying the confidence of the Legislature. In the future the Governor General could not appoint a Prime Minister to hold office on his pleasure, not only that but the Governor General was to act on the advice of the Prime Minister. The Governor General reacted sharply and dissolved the Constituent Assembly on October 24, 1954 on the pretext that it had lost the confidence of the people.

On 26th October, 1954, reconstituted Cabinet was announced headed by Prime Minister Muhammad Ali Bogra. It also included Ch. Muhammad Ali, Major General Iskander Mirza, M.A.H Ispahani, Dr. A.M. Malik, General Muhammad Ayub Khan, and Ch. Ghiyas-ud-Din Pathan. Later Mir Ghulam Ali Talpur and Dr. Khan Sahib were included.


On May 28, 1955, due to legal intervention the Governor General announced elections to the second Constituent Assembly. The Assembly was to consist of 80 members equally divided between the two wings of Pakistan. The provincial assemblies were to serve as Electoral College. The Muslim League, the United Front Awami League, minorities and independents held 25, 16, 13, 11 and 7 seats, respectively. Eight more were elected to represent the States and Tribal Areas. The first session of the Constituent Assembly was held at Murree, on July 7th, 1955. Only two members of the Muslim League belonged to East Pakistan. Chaudary Muhammad Ali, the Finance Minister was unanimously elected as the leader of the Muslim League replacing Mr. Bogra.

Muhammad Ali Bogra.jpg (9141 bytes)

 
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